The Minnesota-based PACER Center initially championed children with disabilities. The attitude towards bullying - which was once considered a normal part of growing up - is changing we recognize it as a social problem that must be addressed. Since Olweus, the description of bullying has evolved to include subtler forms of oppression, like verbal abuse and social exclusion. His research proved a strong base for others - educationists, psychologists, sociologists, and criminologists - to study bullying. After studying school children and their overt behavior, he described bullying as ‘physical harm.’ Various forms of indirect bullying did not enter his description. These were sporadic, however, until Dan Olweus’s 1978 study. People have always wondered about the motivation behind this behavior, hence the studies conducted on bullying. Man had to fight for everything once, and this attitude persists today. No one culture is responsible for creating this behavior this tendency to coerce, intimidate, or harm others is likely evolutionary, scientists say. While the study showed variations in the targeted individuals, in no place was bullying completely absent. A study spanning multiple countries even proved that bullying was common all over the world, and so were its effects. The effects, too, are the same everywhere. This unfortunate trend has been around since hunter-gatherers roamed the Earth, and is unfortunately all too common around the globe at present. If you thought bullying was unique to certain cultures or civilizations, think again! In fact, bullying is also not simply a ‘human’ concept animals exhibit such behavior too.
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